<p><strong>
CC2 Prelim Notes (Civil Engineering)</strong></p><p><strong>1. Soil Mechanics</strong></p><ul><li>Soil types: sand, silt, clay, gravel</li><li>Soil properties: cohesion, friction angle, permeability</li><li>Soil classification: Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)</li><li>Atterberg limits: Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), Plasticity Index (PI)</li><li>Compaction: Proctor test, optimum moisture content</li></ul><p><strong>2. Concrete Technology</strong></p><ul><li>Concrete mix: cement + fine aggregate + coarse aggregate + water</li><li>Water-cement ratio affects strength</li><li>Workability: slump test</li><li>Curing: 7–28 days</li><li>Types: Normal, High-strength, Lightweight, Fiber-reinforced</li></ul><p><strong>3. Steel Reinforcement</strong></p><ul><li>Rebar types: mild steel, high yield</li><li>Cover protects steel from corrosion</li><li>Bending: hooks, proper hook radius per code</li><li>Bond: adhesion between steel and concrete</li></ul><p><strong>4. Structural Analysis</strong></p><ul><li>Loads: dead, live, wind, seismic</li><li>Support types: simply supported, fixed, cantilever</li><li>Bending moment and shear force diagrams</li><li>Deflection considerations</li></ul><p><strong>5. Surveying</strong></p><ul><li>Methods: chain/tape, compass, theodolite</li><li>Contour lines represent elevation</li><li>Leveling: differential and profile leveling</li><li>Errors: systematic, random, blunders</li></ul><p><strong>6. Hydraulics & Water Resources</strong></p><ul><li>Flow types: laminar, turbulent</li><li>Bernoulli’s principle</li><li>Pipe systems: series vs parallel</li><li>Open channel flow: Manning’s equation</li></ul><p><strong>7. Transportation Engineering</strong></p><ul><li>Road types: arterial, collector, local</li><li>Pavement layers: subgrade, sub-base, base, surface</li><li>Traffic signs & signals</li><li>Geometric design: alignment, superelevation</li></ul><p><strong>8. Environmental Engineering</strong></p><ul><li>Water treatment: coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection</li><li>Wastewater treatment: primary, secondary, tertiary</li><li>Solid waste management: collection, composting, landfills</li></ul><p><strong>9. Construction Management</strong></p><ul><li>Project stages: planning, design, procurement, construction, handover</li><li>CPM & PERT: scheduling techniques</li><li>Cost estimation: unit rate, bill of quantities</li><li>Safety measures on site</li></ul>
